National Institute on Drug Abuse.  Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment:  A Research-Based Guide.  October 1999.

National Institute on Drug Abuse & National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.  The Economic Costs of Drug and Alcohol Abuse in the United States, 1992. September 1998.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.  National Estimates of Expenditures for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment, 1997.  July 2000.

——.  Year-End 1998 Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN). December 1999.

——.  Analysis of Substance Abuse and Treatment Need Issues.  May 1998.

——.  Overview of Addiction Treatment Effectiveness.  1997.

——.  The National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (NTIES) Preliminary Report:  The Persistent Effects of Substance Abuse Treatment – One Year Later.  1996.

Department of Justice
Bureau of Justice Statistics.  Prisoners in 1999. August 2000.

——.  Substance Abuse and Treatment, State and Federal Prisoners, 1997.  January 1999.

——.  Alcohol and Crime: An Analysis of National Data on the Prevalence of Alcohol Involvement in Crime.  April 1998.

National Institute of Justice.  1999 Annual Report on Drug Use Among Adult and Juvenile Arrestees.  June 2000.


Maryland Government

AIDS Administration.  Maryland HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profile, Second Quarter 2000.  June 2000.

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Administration.  Trends and Patterns: Maryland Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment, Fiscal Year 1998.  November 1999.

Department of Education.  1998 Maryland Adolescent Survey.  March 2000.

Department of Juvenile Justice.  Statistical Report, Fiscal Year 1998.  October 1999.

State Police.  Crime in Maryland: 1998 Uniform Crime Report.  October 1999.

Task Force to Study Increasing the Availability of Substance Abuse Programs.  Filling in the Gaps:  Statewide Needs Assessment of County Alcohol and Drug Treatment Systems.  February 2000.

——.  Interim Report by the Committee on Availability and the Committee on Effectiveness.  December 1999.


Baltimore Government

Baltimore Substance Abuse Systems, Inc.  System Overview.  February 2000.

——.  Fiscal Year 1999 Data Update.  December 1999.

——.  Scientific Advisory Committee Report and Recommendations.  October 1999.

Office of the Mayor.  The Mayor’s Plan to Dramatically Reduce Crime in Baltimore: A Plan of Action for Transforming the Baltimore Police Department into a High Performance Organization.  April 2000.


General

The Abell Foundation.  Baltimore’s Drug Problem:  It’s Costing Too Much Not To Spend More On It.  Baltimore, MD: The Abell Foundation, 1993.

D. P. Andrulis & N. J. Goodman.  The Social and Health Landscape of Urban and Suburban America.  Chicago, IL: American Hospital Association Press, 1999.

Bar Association of Baltimore City.  The Drug Crisis and Underfunding of the Justice System in Baltimore City: Report of the Russell Committee.  Baltimore, MD: Bar Association of Baltimore City, 1990.

R. K. Brooner et al.  “Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity among treatment seeking opioid users,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 54:71-80, January 1997.

California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs.  Evaluating Recovery Services: The California Drug and Alcohol Treatment Assessment (CALDATA).  Sacramento, CA: State of California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs, 1994.

J. P. Caulkins et al.  Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentences:  Throwing Away the Key or the Taxpayers’ Money?  Santa Monica, CA: RAND Drug Policy Research Center, 1997.

Center for Science in the Public Interest.  State Alcohol Taxes and Health: A Citizen’s Action Guide.  Washington, D.C.: CSPI, 1996.

M. C. Doherty et al.  “The effect of a needle exchange program on numbers of discarded needles: A 2-year follow-up.” American Journal of Public Health, 90(6):936-939, June 2000.

E. Drucker.  “Drug prohibition and public health: 25 years of evidence.”  Public Health Reports, 114(1):14-29, January/February 1999.

D. Farabee et al.  “The effectiveness of coerced treatment for drug-abusing offenders.” Federal Probation, 62(1):3-10, June 1998.

T. A. Gray & E. D. Wish.  Substance Abuse Need for Treatment among Arrestees (SANTA) in Maryland.  College Park, MD:  Center for Substance Abuse Research (CESAR), University of Maryland, May 1998.

Greater Baltimore Committee.  First Things First: Setting Priorities for Strengthening Baltimore’s Business Climate in the 21^st Century.  Baltimore, MD: GBC, 1999.

E. M. Harwood et al.  Youth Access to Alcohol Survey. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Alcohol Epidemiology Program, September 1998.

J. A. Inciardi et al.  “The heroin street addict: profiling a national population,” in J. A. Inciardi & L. D. Harrison (eds.), Heroin in the Age of Crack-Cocaine.  Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.

L. Koenig et al.  The Costs and Benefits of Substance Abuse Treatment: Findings from the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (NTIES).  Fairfax, VA: National Evaluation Data Services, August 1999.

T. A. LaVeist & J. M. Wallace, Jr.  “Health risk and inequitable distribution of liquor stores in African American neighborhoods.”  Social Science and Medicine, 51(4):613-617.   

A. T. McLellan et al.  “Evaluating the effectiveness of addiction treatments: Reasonable expectations, appropriate comparisons.”  The Milbank Quarterly, 74(1):51-85, 1996.

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse.  Missed Opportunity: National Survey of Primary Care Physicians and Patients on Substance Abuse.  New York, NY: CASA, April 2000.

C. P. O’Brien & A. T. McLellan.  “Myths about the treatment of addiction.”  The Lancet, 347(8996):237-240, January 1996.

P. Reuter et al.  Estimating the Need for Substance Abuse Treatment in Maryland.  College Park, MD: CESAR, January 1998.

R. P. Schwartz et al.  “A 12-year follow-up of a methadone medical maintenance program.”  American Journal on Addictions, 8(4):293-299, October-December 1999.

S. R. Seaman et al.  “Mortality from overdose among injecting drug users recently released from prison: Database linkage study.”  BMJ, 316:426-428, February 1998.

J. Singer & S. Szanton.  “Crisis of access: How to insure treatment for addiction among Baltimore’s poor in the age of managed care.” The Abell Report, 12(2), March/April 1999.

S. A. Strathdee et al.  “Needle exchange attendance and health care utilization promote entry into detoxification.” Journal of Urban Health, 76(4):448-460, December 1999.

D. Vlahov et al.  “Reductions in high-risk drug use behaviors among participants in the Baltimore needle exchange program.”  Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 16(5):400-406, December 1997.

North Carolina Youth Action Plan: Preventing and Treating Substance Abuse (2000)

City Profiles on Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Use and Programs that Reduce these Problems (1999):

          Detroit Profile

          Facing Facts: Drugs and the Future of Washington, D.C.

          Santa Barbara Profile

Drug Courts: A Revolution in Criminal Justice (1999)

Lessons from the Field: Profiling City Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Problems (1999)

Lessons from the Field: Profiling State Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Problems (1999)

Millennium Hangover:  Keeping Score on Alcohol (1999)

City Views on Drug Abuse: A Washington, D.C. Survey (1998)

Keeping Score: What We Are Getting for Our Federal Drug Control Dollars (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998)

Passing Judgement: The U.S. Drug Certification Process (1998)

Safe Schools, Safe Students: A Guide to Violence Prevention Strategies (1998)

State Profiles on Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Use and Programs that Reduce These Problems:

          Kansas Profile (1998)

          Rural Indiana Profile (1998)

          South Carolina Profile (1998)

          Arizona Profile (1997)

          California Profile (1995)

          Massachusetts Profile (1995)

          Ohio Profile (1995)

Americans Look at the Drug Problem (1994, 1995, 1997)

Cutting Crime: Drug Courts in Action (1997)

Forging New Links: Police, Communities and the Drug Problem (1997)

Rethinking International Drug Control: New Directions for U.S. Policy (1997)

Drugs and Crime Across America: Police Chiefs Speak Out (1996)

Drugs, Crime and Campaign ‘96 (1996)

Investing in the Workplace: How Business and Labor Address Substance Abuse (1996)

Making the Grade: A Guide to School Drug Prevention Programs (1996)

Drugs and Crime: Questions and Some Answers for Broadcasters (1995)

Officers

Dr. Robert B. Millman
Weill Medical College
Cornell University
Chair

Philip B. Heymann
Harvard Law School
Vice Chair

Mathea Falco
President

Directors:

Robert Carswell
Senior Partner
Shearman & Sterling

Dr. Michael Crichton
Author

Marian Wright Edelman
President
Children’s Defense Fund

Neil Goldschmidt
Former Governor of Oregon

Dr. Avram Goldstein
Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology
Stanford University

Lee Hamilton
Director
The Woodrow Wilson Center

Dr. Dean T. Jamison
Center for Pacific Rim Studies
UCLA

Robert S. McNamara
Former President
World Bank

Norval Morris
University of Chicago Law School

Herbert Sturz
Former President
Vera Institute of Justice

Marni Vliet
President
Kansas Health Foundation

Hubert Williams
President
Police Foundation

Emeritus:

Dr. Pedro José Greer

Dr. Margaret Hamburg

Howard E. Prunty

Charles Ruff

Nancy Dickerson Whitehead
                            (1927-1997)

Design and Production:

Levine & Associates, Inc.

Drug Strategies is supported by grants from:

Abell Foundation

Bonderman Family Foundation

Carnegie Corporation of New York

Annie E. Casey Foundation

Edna McConnell Clark Foundation

Fannie Mae Foundation

William T. Grant Foundation

Miriam & Peter Haas Fund

Horizon Foundation

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation

Kansas Health Foundation

Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

Open Society Institute

Spencer Foundation